
Brown Pelican
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Order: Pelecaniformes, Family: Pelecanidae, Genus: Pelecanus, Species: P. occidentalis
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectFamily: Pelecanidae (Pelicans)
- Shape
- Highly asymmetrical with a narrow, stiff leading vane and a broad trailing vane; elongated with a slightly rounded to blunt tip typical of heavy-bodied soaring birds.
- Size
- Estimated 30-38 cm (12-15 inches) in length. Consistent with the large wingspan of a Brown Pelican (6-7 feet).
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Description
A long, resilient flight feather from one of the world's most recognizable coastal birds. The Brown Pelican is a large, grey-brown waterbird with a massive bill and expandable throat pouch. In flight, they are graceful soarers, often seen flying in 'V' formations or lines just above the wave tops.
Colour & Pattern
Gradated silver-grey to brownish-charcoal. The leading edge is darker, transitioning to a silvery-grey on the trailing vane. The tip is darker brown, indicating higher melanin concentration for wear resistance.
Barb Structure
Densely packed pennaceous barbs interlocked with hooklets for flight rigidity; some plumulaceous (downy) barbs visible at the base of the calamus for insulation.
Rachis & Barb Pattern
Thick, prominent central rachis, creamy-white to light tan in color. It is dorso-ventrally flattened near the base to withstand flight stress. Barbs are angled steeply toward the tip.
Texture & Surface
Smooth and stiff upper surface; slightly oily to the touch due to preen oil for water resistance; matte finish with a slight silvery sheen.
Feather Placement
Wing feather; the significant asymmetry indicates a primary flight feather, which provides the necessary thrust and lift at the wingtip.
Key Features
Length and width ratio, distinct silver-grey coloration with dark brown tips, and a very sturdy, pale rachis. The size distinguishes it from gulls, and the color distinguishes it from White Pelicans.
Habitat
Coastal marine environments, including estuaries, bays, and beaches; rarely found inland except during extreme weather events.
Geographic Range
Year-round resident along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts of the Americas, ranging from Washington/New Jersey south to the Amazon River and northern Chile.
Ecological Role
Top-tier coastal predator controlling fish populations; their nesting health is a primary indicator of the health of the marine ecosystem and chemical pollution levels.
Similar Species
American White Pelican (feathers are pure white with black tips), Great Blue Heron (more blue-grey/slate and thinner), and large Gulls (typically have different spotting or terminal band patterns).
Interesting Facts
Brown Pelicans are the only pelican species that perform spectacular plunge-dives from heights of up to 60 feet to catch fish, using their pouch like a dip net.
Cultural Significance
Historically, pelicans have been symbols of self-sacrifice in Christian art. The feathers are occasionally used in traditional crafts, though modern use is strictly regulated.
Field Identification Tips
Look for these in late summer and fall during the post-breeding molt. They are frequently found on sandy beaches or near wooden piers where pelicans congregate.
Condition Notes
Good condition overall; some slight fraying (separation of barbs) at the tip and along the trailing edge, likely due to natural wear or 'zip' separation after molting.