Common Shelduck

The Common Shelduck is a large, strikingly patterned waterfowl species found across the coasts and some inland wetlands of Europe and Asia, intermediate in build between true ducks and geese. Its bold black, white, and chestnut pattern combined with a bright red bill make it one of the more unmistakable Old World waterfowl.

Body feathers are crisp white, providing a bright background for the bird's other markings. Head and neck feathers are a glossy, dark bottle-green that can appear nearly black in poor light, with strong iridescence in direct sun. A broad chestnut band of feathers crosses the upper breast and extends onto the scapulars, a rich orange-chestnut color distinct from the duller tones of similar-sized geese. Flight feathers are solid black, contrasting sharply with the white coverts both in flight and as isolated feathers. The bill is bright red, with breeding males developing a small basal knob.

Sexes are similar, though males are slightly larger with a more prominent bill knob during the breeding season. Juveniles are duller, grayish-brown and white, lacking the chestnut breast band, and acquire full adult pattern over roughly their first year.

Breeds along coastal mudflats, estuaries, and salt marshes across Europe and temperate Asia, with some populations using inland lakes. Many populations are migratory or make molt migrations to traditional gathering sites, while others are more sedentary along temperate coasts.

Feeds by sifting small invertebrates such as snails and crustaceans from soft mud and shallow water. Nests in burrows, often using rabbit holes or other cavities near the shore, which is unusual among waterfowl. Notable for large-scale molt migrations, where flightless adults gather at a small number of traditional sites. Vocal, with honking and whistling calls given in flight and during display.